凯恩格生物科技（宜昌）有限公司
The effective date of banning the use of antibiotics in feed is approaching, and everyone is actively discussing the antibiotic alternatives and effects. As the world's leading distributor of probiotic products S.boulardii® in China, we will also launch a series of short articles to learn, discuss and improve together with you.
There are hills whose stones are good for working jade. Learning from the experience of mature markets and reviewing history will help us fully understand the possible results and methods of the ban antibiotics Europe was the first region to ban the use of antibiotics and pay attention to antibiotic resistance, Therefore, the author collected data on the use of antibiotics in major European countries before and after the ban antibiotics, analyzed them, and shared them with everyone.
NO.1 The history of antibiotic development and the timeline of baning antibiotics in Europe and America
Since scientists discovered the growth-promoting effects of antibiotics in 1949, antibiotics have been used all over the world, and they have brought considerable economic benefits to the animal husbandry industry. After 1968, super bacteria resistant to a variety of antibiotics were discovered one after another. Governments and scientists of various countries began to explore the negative effects of antibiotics. After nearly 30 years, the ban use of antibiotics began to become a reality. It was first implemented in Sweden, followed by Denmark, the European Union, South Korea and China.
NO.2 Does the EU ban on the use of antibiotics in feed really reduce the use of antibiotics?
Time is approaching, and everyone predicts that the amount of antibiotics used at the scene will increase after the ban use of antibiotics. Will it really increase, and how much will it increase? Maybe we can take a look at European data.
Antibiotic use in France's livestock industry, t
Antibiotic use in the Dutch livestock industry
Note: Data comes from saveourantibiotics
From the above data, we can see that after the ban on the use of antibiotics in feed in 2006, the use of antibiotics is indeed declining. France has been in a state of decline, while the Netherlands reached its maximum before and after the ban, and then kept dropping.
The first two countries in Europe to ban the use of antibiotics in feed, one is Sweden and the other is Denmark. Denmark is a famous country for raising pigs, and Danish pigs are also accepted by many Chinese companies. Let's take a look at the Danish data. The Danish data on antibiotic use is the most detailed and comprehensive I have ever seen.
As you can see from the chart below, after beginning to prepare in 1999 and ban use of feed antibiotics in 2000, the amount of antibiotics used on site or prescribed by veterinarians has indeed increased. There are some growth trends after, and it has continued to decline after 2010. Compared with the previous period, the total amount is still declining. The amount of zinc oxide used in Danish pig breeding from 2009 to 2018 can be seen in the following figure. With the increase in the number of pigs, the amount of zinc oxide also began to decline in 2014.
Note: from DANMAP 2018. Purple is the amount of antibiotics used in the feed, blue is the amount of antibiotics prescribed by the veterinarian, and green is the amount of antibiotics used by people
Note: from DANMAP 2018. Light green is the amount of zinc oxide, dark green is the amount of zinc, and yellow dots are the amount of pigs.
NO.3 Super bacteria problems caused by the use of antibiotics
It can be seen from the figure below that the number of resistant enterococci isolated from pigs has shown a downward trend with the decrease in the amount of macrolide antibiotics, showing that banning the use of antibiotics in feed has indeed reduced the problem of drug resistance in 4-5 years.
Note: From DANMAP 2004, the proportion of resistant strains of macrolide antibiotics and enterococcus resistant to macrolide antibiotics in pigs, pork and humans.
NO.4 As a growth promoter, how effective is the use of antibiotics in feed?
In 2015, Aude Teillant et al. analyzed the effects of antibiotics used as growth promoters in feeds from the two dimensions of daily gain and feed conversion efficiency. In the 1950s, the effect of antibiotics was very significant, and it was one of the most effective growth-promoting additives, but as time progressed, the effect became less and less significant. Investigating the reason, the author's analysis should be that all aspects of livestock house conditions, management and nutrition are constantly improving.
The level of improvement of daily weight gain by antibiotics
in feeds over the years (1950-2010)
The level of improvement of feed conversion efficiency by antibiotics
in feeds over the years (1950-2010)
Notes: The above chart is from Aude Teillant, 2015. The blue point is the relative effect of antibiotics on suckling pigs (how much improvement is it compared to without antibiotics), and the red point is growing and finishing pigs.
This has certain guiding significance for us, and the desire to replace antibiotics has a great relationship with our target customer-the livestock house and the breeding management level of the pig farm. If the management level of the farm is high, the possibility of replacing antibiotics will be higher. If the level is poor, the risk is relatively high. Therefore, in addition to making a fuss in the feed, strengthening the management of breeding is also a very important and indispensable link.
A British questionnaire actually reflects the same problem. Healthy pig farms, pig farms with a fixed source of suckling pigs, well-managed, all-in, all-out pig farms have lower demand for antibiotics. However, pig farms with complex sources of suckling pigs, high stocking density, and continuous production have a high demand for antibiotics.
Notes: From Lucy A. Coyne, 2019
In summary, from the information obtained by EU countries, we can know:
1. After the EU bans antibiotics, the amount of antibiotics prescribed by veterinarians will increase.
2. The total amount of antibiotics has declined.
3. The proportion of drug-resistant strains also decreases with the decrease in the amount of antibiotics.
4. With the improvement of livestock houses, nutrition and management, the effect of antibiotics is declining. For us, a very important point is how to improve the level of comprehensive management.
5. The demand for antibiotics in well-managed farms is low, and the demand for antibiotics in poorly managed farms is high. And all aspects of management are influential.
The prohibition of antibiotics in feed is a challenge for us, but also an opportunity. As long as we comprehensively consider all aspects, strengthen management and nutrition, and proceed from many aspects, the prohibition of antibiotics will become feasible. Nutrition is only one of the links, of course it is a very important link. How to improve the management level of customers has become a work content of feed enterprises and breeding enterprises.
In addition, after the outbreak of the African Swine fever virus, the importance of disinfection and epidemic prevention in various farms has increased unprecedentedly, which will also improve the breeding environment to a certain extent and reduce the difficulty of prohibiting antibiotics.
As S.boulardii’s general agent of Canadian Lallemand Company in China, Beijing Helian Sihai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is willing to discuss with you about the improvement measures in nutrition and feeding management, ban antibiotics in feed, and make our own contribution to food safety.
